3 litres at 0.7 ppm contains 2.1 mg of fluoride (fluorine, of F).

1 gallon at this concentration contains 2.6 mg of fluoride

 http://www.google.com/#output=search&q=1+gallon+*+1+kg%2Flitre*+7*10^-7&oq=1+gallon+*+1+kg%2Flitre*+7*10^-7 

1.1 mg of F: the amount contained in one gram of toothpaste (see below). 
 
 
 The Amount of Fluoride in One gram of Toothpaste:
  

Most toothpaste in the US has a weight to volume concentration of "0.15% w/v fluoride ion". 
This means one cubic centimeter of toothpaste contains 1.5 mg of fluoride. 

 http://www.google.com/#hl=en&q=1+cm^3+*+0.0015*kg%2Flitre&oq=1+cm^3+*+0.0015*kg%2Flitre 

If toothpaste were as dense as water (1 kg/L, or 1 gram per cubic centimeter) then we would have
our answer. However, toothpaste is somewhat denser than water (about 40% more dense). So, one gram 
actually contains less fluoride than the 1.5 mg calculated above.

The concentration of toothpaste measured by 'w/w' (what chemists use to describe mass to mass 
concentration, with the 'w' denoting 'weight') is about 1100 ppm; since the density of toothpaste
varies from brand to brand this number ranges from 0.1% to 0.11% w/w. 

Well, 0.11% * 1 gram equals  1.1 mg . 

1 gram of toothpaste is about a practical amount of toothpaste needed to efficiently and quickly 
brush your teeth. It's probably more than you can fit on some brush heads, like  on the round Oral B electric EB17 toothbrush 
head. (If you haven't got a small scale handy, get out your ruler; 1 gram of toothpaste is what would fit inside a 9mm by 9mm by 
9mm cube, wheras water fits inside a 1cm cube). 

I measured the nozzle of my Aquafresh 3.5 oz (100g) tube of toothpaste, and the diameter measures 8.25mm. We calculate the 
dimensions of 1 gram of toothpaste, and it turns out one gram of toothpaste makes a generous amount that fills up most of the 
brush area. One gram of toothpaste is approximately 13.4 mm long. 

If you're very generous with your toothpaste use then you could plausibly use about 1.5 g of toothpaste in one brushing; this 
is my high end figure. Using the above nozzle dimension, this 1.5 grams of toothpaste would make a cylinder of paste 2 cm long; 
it fills up almost all of the length of my brushhead (all of the length before the width tapers off on my arm+hammer spinbrush).

Index  
  
  TOP 
  INDEX 
  Conclusion on dose amounts 
  Discussion regarding Conclusion
  Discussion relating to Cumulative Health Effects 
  Journal 
  PEW funded lobby groups 





[press CTRL and the '+' key to increase font size ]

  
 
  Conclusion  
The amount of fluoride consumed as part of a daily diet (water, beverages, and misc. meal items
 by a normal active adult) is not only on the order of what is contained in one or two grams of 
toothpaste (1.1 mg and 2.2 mg), but what for many significantly exceeds these amounts:

3 litres of water (or beverages) with a concentration of 0.7 ppm contain 2.1 mg of Fluoride, 
or 1.91 times the amount of fluoride that is contained in one gram of regular toothpaste. 

1 gallon of water (or beverages) with a concentration of 0.7 ppm contain 2.6 mg of Fluoride,
or 2.36 times the amount of fluoride that is contained in one gram of regular toothpaste.


A typical active adult will on a daily basis swallow over 2 mg (my estimate 2.1-2.6 mg) per day of fluoride; 
a dose of F that is on the order of what is contained in your daily toothpaste.


 
Discussion on the above conclusion

Beers and coffee are diuretics, and many of us in the Pacific Northwest enjoy these foods. On average, 
those that consume these diuretics will drink larger amounts of water than those that don't. Athletes and
those exerting themselves in the outdoors (eg. roofers and construction workers) can easily consume well
over one gallon of water per day. 

Families use drinking water to make their beverages, coffee, juices that are reconstituted from frozen concentrates, and teas. 
They also use them in making their food. Rice, jellos, puddings, shakes, pasta, soups, etc., all contain varying concentration of 
the water that was used to make them. 

The food industry uses the same source of water. Beers, reconstituted fruit juices, and other beverages
like soda will all essentially reflect the concentration of fluoride above; and in fact, you currently are 
consuming fluoride through these food industry products that are produced outside of Portland and in fluoridated
areas. For an example of measured fluoride levels go to ffbeers.com. 

Outside of beverages, the same goes for processed foods and other grocery food items. Water was used and is 
contained in just about any food, from the bakery items to the soup isle. It will even show up to some 
unknown extent in the produce, since some farms may use water that has been fluoridated (either by municipal 
source, or because the stuff does eventually make its way into our rivers and eventually down to the ocean). 

By population, approximately 70% of the US is fluoridated, and many northern states are fluoridated at levels at and
even exceeding 1.0 ppm. A fraction of this fluoride will always end up in all out foods and agriculure. 

Consider the other Portland... Portland, Maine (Maine, the land of lakes and great potatoes): 
  http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/MWF/PWSDetailV.asp?PWSID=0091300&State=ME&StartPg=1&EndPg=20&County=Cumberland
&PWSName=&Filter=0&PWS_ID=&State_ID=ME&SortBy=1&StateName=Maine 

Portland, Maine's water is fluoridated at 1.20 mg/L, or 1.2 ppm. 

At this level I can confidently say, that their bureaucracy is asking their own people to effectively 
swallow more fluoride than they use to brush.** Every day, and day after day after day---while their 
politicians are happy to drink the Poland Springs mineral water. 


In Portland, Oregon, we are only being asked to swallow daily (day after day after day, without end)
almost as much fluoride as is contained in two 1 gram brushings. 

For ingested fluoride, less than 0.5% will make it to the teeth; about 1/8th is not absorbed; the kidneys are able to 
get rid of about half the fluoride; the rest is deposited into the body where it accumulates over a life time. Over 99% 
of the deposited fluoride goes to the bones and a significant amount makes it to critical and sensitive tissue such as 
in the endocrine system. The eventual result over decades is suboptimal function of the endocrine system (which causes a 
huge variety of conditions) and brittler less flexible bone, which is especially a problem for women at a later age. 
These health issues go far beyond fluorosis. 

Health problems may develop in a much shorter span, on the order of a 5 to 10 years, for many people who consume more 
water than average. Such people would likely be: athletes, construction workers, roofers, outdoors enthusiasts, and 
simply people who frequently drink diuretic beverages such as coffee or beer (also at great risk are some that have 
existing health issues such as diabetes insipidus.) 

For topical application (toothpaste and mouthwash) the result is orders and orders of magnitude better; the
fluoride largely goes where it should. There is no substitute for brushing. Cavities would be very rare 
with regular brushing and either a brief brushing or swish of mouthwash after meals. 


(For those that still believe in ingesting the fluoride, you have all the options available to you: 
   from a simple mere half cup of black, green, or iced tea you can drink in the morning,
 to the large variety of bottled fluoridatd water products that are abundant at most walmarts or drugstore, 
 to reconstituted from concentrate juices and other beverages that make up most of the supermarket selection, 
 to fluoride pills that are freely available at public institutions like schools.****)  



 


**Since the joke goes something like.... 
     Q: How do you know that a Mainer invented the toothbrush??
     A: Because it was named the 'toothbrush' and not the 'teethbrush'. 
 I will assume the average Mainer brushes 1.5 times a day, but uses a very generous amount of toothpaste 
each time, 1.5 grams. This amounts to 2.5 mg of fluoride, which is also contained in just 2.06 litres
of their municipal water.


**** The French have system that is far better at dosing fluoride intake, and more importantly, 
preserves a person's choice of what goes in their bodies: Fluoridated salt is available to anyone wishing to
ingest/supplement fluoride. 



 
 More discussion relating to health impact, plus links, quotes, notes, etc

--below section is a draft in progress-- 

.. for decades we have believed that fluoride in small doses has no adverse effects on health..
But more and more scientists are now seriously questioning the benefits of fluoride, even in small amounts
            UNICEF -- A United Nations Organization


Subclinical hypothyroidism affects a large fraction of the population. It is mostly undiagnosed and goes unnoticed
in the health statistics. The evidence of fluoride's adverse cumulative effect on suboptimal hypothyroid function is 
very clear in my opinion. The thyroid is a very critical part of our endocrine system that regulates energy and metabolism in our 
bodies. 

In the United States, we have a large and growing epidemic of metabolic problems, and diabetes and weight problems in particular. 
Most of the blame clearly goes to the common use of excessively sugary foods and beverages; soft drinks. However, sugar is not the 
only stress contributing to these conditions, considering how common sublicinical hypothyroidism is (and the numbers are not even known at 
this point, but we will get a better idea over time). Significant sources of fluoride are found not only in soft drinks, but in just 
about any supermarket: what we see as a harmless and healthy bottle of "all natural" apple juice, is more likely than not to be
nothing other than fluoridated water plus concentrate of a natural apple harvest---are not only getting a short term insulin shock that 
over repeated occurence causes insulin insensitivity in cells, but they are also getting a dose of fluoride that is likely to result in 
cumulative long term harm. 

Endocrine health together with dental health can be improved by stopping water fluoridation and rather encouraging the public to 
be more diligent with regular topical application and dental hygiene. Topical application is orders of magnitude better than fluoride 
ingestion at depositing fluoride where it should go rather than where it should not go. If we cannot encourage and teach personal 
responsibility to children then how much can we expect them to achieve; eg., make mouthwash available and correlate their allowance with 
the rate at which they adequately brush. Those that do not feel like they can take on this responsibility, and those who still believe 
ingestion of fluoride will be of net benefit to them, have all the options of consuming enough fluoride; just enjoy a simple cup of tea, 
or to those that don't, supplements are freely available at schools and other public sources and you can even order fluoridated salt 
from France. 

Endocrine health is not only important to you: suboptimal levels of thyroid functioning in pregnant women has been clearly 
linked to reduced IQ in their offspring. Because subclinical hypothyroid is so common and undiagnosed, the forced water fluoridation of 
people's water is indeed complete madness---we are depriving the children of their full potential and we are loading them with health 
problems and great health expenditures once the reach even their thirties and fourties. 

A few earlier studies found little link between fluoridation at low levels and thyroid functioning, however these studies
were conducted for groups exposed only for relatively very short time scales on the order of a month and not long enough for significant
cumulative concentration to be deposited into the thryoid tissue. Larger intake amounts and short term studies on animals did find 
negative effects on thyroid functioning. This has lead some to a simplistic conclusion that fluoride only poses a risk at higher levels
and is not relevant at any levels below.
 
However, when the statistics are used to look for long term exposure, a much different picture emerges.

The direct correlation between goiter and fluoride levels is now well established (2006 NRC study). In Fig 8.1, note the clean 
correlation on the left versus the sporadic correlation on the right):
  

Also note for this long term exposure data, that the correlation for F water concentration is clean even at low concentrations on the 
order of half a ppm (the units mg/L are equivalent to ppm's). 


Dr. Sarma has done much research in this field, studying people who have had long term exposure to fluoride. 

Depletion of colloid from the follicles. 
Shrinkage of follicles. 
Disruption of follicular basement membrane
Edema and degeneration of the follicular epithelial cells.
Increased follicular vascularity. 
Fatty degeneration in the inter-follicular connective tissue. 
Vacuolations in the colloid

Please read his handout overview or his full ppt presentation: (Powerpoint or OpenOffice is required for viewing)
http://www.bing.com/search?q=Fluorosis+and+Thyroid+++Dr+Sarma+&qs=n 

More history of observations regarding the thyroid:
http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html

Pineal: The pineal tissue is another part of the endocrine system, which contains large amounts of calcium rich tisse hence will 
accumulate fluoride over time. 

[to be cont'd]

 
Journal of various well made points I found on the bloggosphere that I find are good points to bring up

May 8, 2013

Do like pasta? Do you like rice and asian foods? "cooking with fluoridated tap water increases the fluoride potency by 
up to 7 times as the water boils. That concentration is then absorbed by food as it cooks." Are you vegetarian or do you just love 
Tofu? Tofu is also calcium rich and it would be loaded with fluoride if it were produced using unfiltered (or ineffectively filtered)
municipal water from a fluoridated city such as Vancouver, WA or Corvallis, OR. 

All of the speakers in the documentary Inconvenient Toothmake a large number of good points. It would be hard to 
summarize all the important good points, especially from all the specialists and professionals that were filmed. So, here is 
just a little of what stood out in my mind, and that I think may especially apply to Portland and how Portlanders like to live 
their lives. 

1.
The thing that bothers me most is that they don't ask my permission. You can't go out in your neighborhood and have coffee
without knowing that that coffee has got fluoridated water in it?* So your whole life is upset... you can't grow an organic 
garden in your back yard anymore, because you're sprinking it with the hose [at 0.7ppm]. 
   --the lady in the video, around 1:28:35

It is sad to note that you could actually pretty much know your coffee would fluoridated, just at about at any coffee shop and
restaurant, if the city fluoridates. 

You can still make your coffee at home, with reverse osmosis filtered water (or somehowe otherwise effectively filtered or distilled). 
However, since fluoride is so small and strongly dissolved, a simple filter method such as a brita or other activated carbon filters are 
ineffective. The only effective filtration methods I'm aware of, deplete the water of important natural minerals, like manganese, 
magnesium, calcium, and natural trace minerals such as lithium, boron, selenium, molybdenum. Trace minerals supplements exist, but 
most or all of these also contain traces of heavy metals like mercury. Once fluoride is added into our water supply, it becomes 
prohibitively expensive if at all practically possible, to restore the water. The most practical solution will in fact be, to buy 
natural mineral water (something we now still get essentially for free). This is a big inconvenience, expense, and also an 
additional burden on the environment. 

2. The biochemist researcher who had lived in Lawrence, Kansas in the mid/late 1950's who speaks around 2:22. He was poisoned by his 
city, simply because he drank a considerably larger amount of daily water compared to the expected amount of water calculated by the 
state or municipal regulators at the official "optimal level" of fluoridation. He developed problems with his thyroid and would be 
"waking up tired, after what should have been a good night's sleep," as well as having other unpleasant symptoms. 

I find it sad and also recall that my roofer from NY also developed thyroid problems lately (he is in his 40s). This is a profession 
I know very little about, except that these people spend up to ten hours some days outside in the sun, in humid hot weather (it gets 
into the 90s and very high humidity on the east coast), hauling very heavy supply up 30 foot ladders, while performing loud and 
physical work, while trying to maintain focus to get a job done and avoid what would be unforgiving accidents. These people don't 
have any choice of not drinking large amounts of water. Nor do many others, either by occupation or hobby, like athletes and 
outdoors enthusiasts who want to be good shape. These people will never be warned by the fluoride lobbyists that one should 
not consume more than X amount city water---and for many to come, disappointingly not even by our institutions like the 
CDC, until it is too late. 

This is why informed consent is important. The heavily PEW funded lobby group "Healthy Kids PDX" never would inform people of 
critical information, and it never has asked for our consent. We now still have the democratic choice of consent thanks to the people 
that has the wisdom and ethics to sign the city petitions in 2012, and to those at Clean Water Portlandthat have worked tirelessly 
to protect our homes and our city. 



I just logged on to facebook to view an events page at Clean Water facebook. I'm seeing more personal testimonials of thyroid issues 
that people are having in their adulthood (and in one case even at age 19). It is unknown what fraction were caused by fluoride accumulation,
but it is well known that fluoride at the dogmatically declared "optimal levels" of 0.7 ppm will only do significant cumulative 
long term harm, and become further stress on the endocrine system, especially for those already suffering from such issues: 

  Angie Goffredi: THANK YOU for acknowledging the link between fluoride and endocrine disorders. After being diagnosed with 
thyroid cancer at 19, I am really scared of what could come if something like hydrofluorocilic acid is introduced into our water 
system!! 

More from the facebook bloggosphere:

"Hello, I'm Sandra. I have a Master's in environmental policy and wildlife toxicology. I am raising a family, teaching yoga and 
donating time to my community.

I have studied fluoridation in detail, reviewing hundreds of studies and opinions from here and around the world. My conclusion is 
that it is not safe, not effective, and perhaps most importantly, not ethical. By fluoridating the water, government does 
something a doctor can't do: force you to take a drug, without consent, with no evaluation of individual need, no consideration 
for weight, lifestyle, existing medical conditions or side effects. I believe the toxics all around us in air, soil, food and 
water, fluoride included, contribute to the current epidemics of many chronic diseases. I believe fluoridation is a legal way for 
industry to bypass pollution laws under the guise of "public health." Supporters, including people of influence and newspaper 
editors, unbelievably ignore the facts and seem incapable of climbing out of the old paradigm into the new." 

I don't think it could have been said any better in those amounts of words. Thank you Sandra. 

This whole idea that half million dollar budget lobby group is pushing is the most hare brained, careless, immoral, unethical, and 
aggrevating idea that I've ever seen or could ever imagine. It is deadly for our bodies. It is also deadly for much of our 
commerce and industry (particularly those relating to high end quality foods) and it will only harm our environment: tons/day of 
hydrofluorocilic acid shipped across the country to end up going down the Columbia river, where any freshwater areas of it with 
concentration over 0.2ppm fluoride will endanger salmon. Add to that the even more tons/day of mineral water that would need to be 
trucked in if the city no longer has one of the highest quality water in the country. It will do nothing to address social 
inequality other than poisoning us all and wasting  more taxpayer money (plant construction and the premature corrosion of older 
pipe network which has not been accounted for nor estimated) that could be better spent on education and dental supplies in areas 
where it is needed.  

Consider the above, then multiply it by 100 Portland sized cities to see the scale of harm. Now you also understand why not 
only Portlanders are up in arms about this issue. Many thanks to the activists at 
fluoridealert.orgthat have compiled so much information, and others.  



May 14, 2013

 Toothpaste tube equivalent amounts (TTEAs) per 3 person household 

[This section is not related to health much; it's just a little bit of my rambling of how ridiculous this PEW funded fluoridation 
push is.]

  The average per capita domestic water consumption in the US is about 382 litres per day (~100 gal.) In Canada it slightly lower, 
at 343 litre/day. Assuming that Portland is slightly more frugal than the US figure, and a tad below the Canada average usage level.
Let's estimate that the average daily 3 person household consumption is 1000 litres per day.

  At 0.7ppm, that amounts to 700 mg of Fluoride per day out the taps at such a household. In comparison, a 100 gram tube of 
toothpaste (3.5 oz, or large to medium sized tube) contains 110 mg of Fluoride. That is well over 6 tubes of toothpaste (6.36) per 
day, or a toothpaste equivalent amounts of over 45 tubes/week, or 2300 tubes per year, per 3 person household. 

 Or, 772 toothpaste tube equivalent amounts (TTEAs) per person per year. That number is two orders of magnitudes higher than I use 
in toothpaste a year; all this F- saying hello to rivers and oceans, and the soil in our garden and yards. Right from the emmission 
stack's pollution control scrubber, to your household, courtesy of PEW lobby group and the interests they present. This is for every 
household as far as the eye can see on a clear day on Tabor hill; 1.8 billion TTEAs per year for the Portland metro area. 

Remember that one TTEA is 100 grams or a tenth of a kg of toothpaste. So, the above refers to 0.18 million tons of toothpaste, equivalent 
to the weight of about 100,000 Mercedes Benz' (i.e., a very large pile of toothpaste) 

 That per capita water consumption is domestic use. If you add in workplace, and business & public venue consumption that one 
domestic capita is on the average associated with, then the figure would likely be in excess of 1000 TTEAs per capita per year, or 2.3 
billion TTEAs per year for the Portland metro population. This is some serious tonnage. Multiply this by about 100 Portland metro sized 
cities, and you're getting close to a quarter trillion TTEAs/yr (23 billion metric tons/yr to be exact). Allright enough with numbers and 
magnitudes!

 In 2001, a CDC report came out which admitted the effect of fluoride is essentially topical. Dr Paul Connett noted, that this was 
the year when water fluoridation should have come to an end in the US. The same report also concluded that systemic fluoridation 
was ineffective against children's primary (deciduous) teeth. 

 Now, if fluoride's effect is effectively topical, it basically will make a negligible difference on people's teeth, for people that 
actually brush regularly. The effect of gulping down those .7ppm glasses of water or cup of coffee a few times throughout the day would 
be just about neglible even if you minimally take care of your teeth; say brush at night and use fluoride mouthwash in the morning.... And 
wouldn't a much better alternative be to sip a little bit of tea now and then (this is actually custumarily done in many asian households) ?
Tea happens to have generally higher fluoride concentrations. 

If I still believed in ingesting fluoride I'd pick tea over this stuff:



So, you have all these alternatives, from brushing, swishing mouthwash, and simply sipping tea (among other such as fluoride pills, or 
purchasing fluoridated water). Why force a cumulative toxic substance down people's throat's where very little of it will go to the 
teeth, much less the surface of the teeth, if ingested. And in such an inefficient fashion involving billions of tons of highly 
corrosive and dangerous concentrate that is moved around from and processed from pollution control wetscrubber to distibuiton system to 
tap. 

For the PEW fluoride lobby pushers it gets more interesting. 

In 2010 a report came out from the CDC, admitting that a huge fraction of adolescent children, 40.7% have had visible fluoride 
overexposure--fluorosis. This is for a country where 70% of the population is receiving this toxin in their municipal water. 

I'm guessing a downward revision of concentration levels, from Maine's high 1.2ppm and more typical ones such as 1 ppm in NY or much CA, 
is due very soon, to possibly a target of 0.7ppm. 

It appears it didn't take too many years until after the 2010 CDC report, that PEW funded lobby groups are aggressively pushing their 
unwanted surplus waste byproduct on the remaining 30% ("Healthy" Kids Portland claims in their twitter tweets: this has now shrunk to 
25%). 

Rather than scaling back and warning people about fluoride exposure and how people can protect themselves against it, the response of the 
PEW lobby groups to recent and new findings of Fluoride overexposure and harmful effects of fluoride accumulation in our population, has 
been an even more aggressive push to fluoridate the remaining 30% of the population. This fact should tell everyone that the PEW fluoride 
lobby groups have no interest in your good health, and rather an agenda of selfish and sociopathic interest to push on behalf of the 
industrial dirty industry that they work for. The PEW foundation's and family money, in fact comes from none other than dirty industry 
(from refining to Tar sands development). 




Portlanders, keep our water clean!